The typhoid and paratyphoid fever burden in South Asia is broadly acknowledged, but current estimates of incidence, severity, and cost of illness from India are lacking. Equitable preventive strategies are urgently needed.Įnteric fever continues to impact millions of people who lack adequate access to clean water and sanitation. The cost of treating enteric fever is considerable and likely to increase with emerging antimicrobial resistance. The mean direct cost of severe enteric fever was US$119.1 (95% confidence interval, US$85.8-152.4) in tier 2 and US$405.7 (95% CI, 366.9-444.4) in tier 3 16.9% of patients in tier 3 experienced catastrophic expenditure. In total, 274 patients from tier 2 surveillance, 891 patients from tier 3 surveillance, and 110 ileal perforation patients provided the cost of illness data.

The direct and indirect costs of an illness episode were analyzed by type of setting. Cost of illness and productivity loss data from onset to 28 days after discharge from hospital were collected using a structured questionnaire. These sites represent urban referral hospitals (tier 3) and smaller hospitals in urban slums, remote rural, and tribal settings (tier 2). Patients hospitalized with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever and nontraumatic ileal perforation were identified at 14 hospitals. Surveillance for Enteric Fever network was established to address gaps in typhoid disease and economic burden. Lack of robust data on economic burden due to enteric fever in India has made decision making on typhoid vaccination a challenge.

Prithviraj chauhan episode 384